Urban indicators for UK butterflies

Silver-washed Fritallary (male)©Paul Young, Bucknell Wood 8 July 2017

Silver-washed Fritallary (male) ©Paul Young, Bucknell Wood 8 July 2017

Highlights
•Urban abundance trends were negative for all 28 UK butterfly species considered.
•Trends were more negative in urban versus rural areas for 25/28 species.
•Declines in composite abundance were significantly more negative for urban areas.
•Urban populations generally showed earlier emergence and longer flight periods.
•Indicators are vital for monitoring populations pressurised by urbanisation.

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